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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.resources</span></code> – Package resource reading, opening and access</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#functional-api">Functional API</a></li>
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<section id="module-importlib.resources">
<span id="importlib-resources-package-resource-reading-opening-and-access"></span><h1><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.resources</span></code> – Package resource reading, opening and access<a class="headerlink" href="#module-importlib.resources" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="extlink-source reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.14/Lib/importlib/resources/__init__.py">Lib/importlib/resources/__init__.py</a></p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.7.</span></p>
</div>
<p>This module leverages Python’s import system to provide access to <em>resources</em>
within <em>packages</em>.</p>
<p>“Resources” are file-like resources associated with a module or package in
Python. The resources may be contained directly in a package, within a
subdirectory contained in that package, or adjacent to modules outside a
package. Resources may be text or binary. As a result, Python module sources
(.py) of a package and compilation artifacts (pycache) are technically
de-facto resources of that package. In practice, however, resources are
primarily those non-Python artifacts exposed specifically by the package
author.</p>
<p>Resources can be opened or read in either binary or text mode.</p>
<p>Resources are roughly akin to files inside directories, though it’s important
to keep in mind that this is just a metaphor. Resources and packages <strong>do
not</strong> have to exist as physical files and directories on the file system:
for example, a package and its resources can be imported from a zip file using
<a class="reference internal" href="zipimport.html#module-zipimport" title="zipimport: Support for importing Python modules from ZIP archives."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zipimport</span></code></a>.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>This module provides functionality similar to <a class="reference external" href="https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html">pkg_resources</a> <a class="reference external" href="https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html#basic-resource-access">Basic
Resource Access</a>
without the performance overhead of that package. This makes reading
resources included in packages easier, with more stable and consistent
semantics.</p>
<p>The standalone backport of this module provides more information
on <a class="reference external" href="https://importlib-resources.readthedocs.io/en/latest/using.html">using importlib.resources</a> and
<a class="reference external" href="https://importlib-resources.readthedocs.io/en/latest/migration.html">migrating from pkg_resources to importlib.resources</a>.</p>
</div>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="importlib.html#importlib.abc.Loader" title="importlib.abc.Loader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Loaders</span></code></a> that wish to support resource reading should implement a
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_resource_reader(fullname)</span></code> method as specified by
<a class="reference internal" href="importlib.resources.abc.html#importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader" title="importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader</span></code></a>.</p>
<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.Anchor">
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Anchor</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.Anchor" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Represents an anchor for resources, either a <a class="reference internal" href="types.html#types.ModuleType" title="types.ModuleType"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">module</span> <span class="pre">object</span></code></a> or a module name as a string. Defined as
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Union[str,</span> <span class="pre">ModuleType]</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.files">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">files</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">anchor</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="#importlib.resources.Anchor" title="importlib.resources.Anchor"><span class="pre">Anchor</span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">|</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.files" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns a <a class="reference internal" href="importlib.resources.abc.html#importlib.resources.abc.Traversable" title="importlib.resources.abc.Traversable"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Traversable</span></code></a> object
representing the resource container (think directory) and its resources
(think files). A Traversable may contain other containers (think
subdirectories).</p>
<p><em>anchor</em> is an optional <a class="reference internal" href="#importlib.resources.Anchor" title="importlib.resources.Anchor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Anchor</span></code></a>. If the anchor is a
package, resources are resolved from that package. If a module,
resources are resolved adjacent to that module (in the same package
or the package root). If the anchor is omitted, the caller’s module
is used.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.9.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.12: </span><em>package</em> parameter was renamed to <em>anchor</em>. <em>anchor</em> can now
be a non-package module and if omitted will default to the caller’s
module. <em>package</em> is still accepted for compatibility but will raise
a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#DeprecationWarning" title="DeprecationWarning"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DeprecationWarning</span></code></a>. Consider passing the anchor positionally or
using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib_resources</span> <span class="pre">>=</span> <span class="pre">5.10</span></code> for a compatible interface
on older Pythons.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.as_file">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">as_file</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">traversable</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.as_file" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Given a <a class="reference internal" href="importlib.resources.abc.html#importlib.resources.abc.Traversable" title="importlib.resources.abc.Traversable"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Traversable</span></code></a> object representing
a file or directory, typically from <a class="reference internal" href="#importlib.resources.files" title="importlib.resources.files"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.files()</span></code></a>,
return a context manager for use in a <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> statement.
The context manager provides a <a class="reference internal" href="pathlib.html#pathlib.Path" title="pathlib.Path"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pathlib.Path</span></code></a> object.</p>
<p>Exiting the context manager cleans up any temporary file or directory
created when the resource was extracted from e.g. a zip file.</p>
<p>Use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">as_file</span></code> when the Traversable methods
(<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">read_text</span></code>, etc) are insufficient and an actual file or directory on
the file system is required.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.9.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.12: </span>Added support for <em>traversable</em> representing a directory.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<section id="functional-api">
<span id="importlib-resources-functional"></span><h2>Functional API<a class="headerlink" href="#functional-api" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>A set of simplified, backwards-compatible helpers is available.
These allow common operations in a single function call.</p>
<p>For all the following functions:</p>
<ul>
<li><p><em>anchor</em> is an <a class="reference internal" href="#importlib.resources.Anchor" title="importlib.resources.Anchor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Anchor</span></code></a>,
as in <a class="reference internal" href="#importlib.resources.files" title="importlib.resources.files"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">files()</span></code></a>.
Unlike in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">files</span></code>, it may not be omitted.</p></li>
<li><p><em>path_names</em> are components of a resource’s path name, relative to
the anchor.
For example, to get the text of resource named <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">info.txt</span></code>, use:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">importlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">resources</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read_text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">my_module</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"info.txt"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Like <a class="reference internal" href="importlib.resources.abc.html#importlib.resources.abc.Traversable" title="importlib.resources.abc.Traversable"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Traversable.joinpath</span></code></a>,
The individual components should use forward slashes (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/</span></code>)
as path separators.
For example, the following are equivalent:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">importlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">resources</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read_binary</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">my_module</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"pics/painting.png"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">importlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">resources</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read_binary</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">my_module</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"pics"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"painting.png"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>For backward compatibility reasons, functions that read text require
an explicit <em>encoding</em> argument if multiple <em>path_names</em> are given.
For example, to get the text of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">info/chapter1.txt</span></code>, use:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">importlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">resources</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read_text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">my_module</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"info"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"chapter1.txt"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">encoding</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'utf-8'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.open_binary">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">open_binary</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">anchor</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">path_names</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.open_binary" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Open the named resource for binary reading.</p>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="#importlib-resources-functional"><span class="std std-ref">the introduction</span></a> for
details on <em>anchor</em> and <em>path_names</em>.</p>
<p>This function returns a <a class="reference internal" href="typing.html#typing.BinaryIO" title="typing.BinaryIO"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BinaryIO</span></code></a> object,
that is, a binary stream open for reading.</p>
<p>This function is roughly equivalent to:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">files</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">anchor</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">joinpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">path_names</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'rb'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.13: </span>Multiple <em>path_names</em> are accepted.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.open_text">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">open_text</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">anchor</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">path_names</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">encoding</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'utf-8'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">errors</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'strict'</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.open_text" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Open the named resource for text reading.
By default, the contents are read as strict UTF-8.</p>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="#importlib-resources-functional"><span class="std std-ref">the introduction</span></a> for
details on <em>anchor</em> and <em>path_names</em>.
<em>encoding</em> and <em>errors</em> have the same meaning as in built-in <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#open" title="open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>For backward compatibility reasons, the <em>encoding</em> argument must be given
explicitly if there are multiple <em>path_names</em>.
This limitation is scheduled to be removed in Python 3.15.</p>
<p>This function returns a <a class="reference internal" href="typing.html#typing.TextIO" title="typing.TextIO"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TextIO</span></code></a> object,
that is, a text stream open for reading.</p>
<p>This function is roughly equivalent to:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">files</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">anchor</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">joinpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">path_names</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'r'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">encoding</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.13: </span>Multiple <em>path_names</em> are accepted.
<em>encoding</em> and <em>errors</em> must be given as keyword arguments.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.read_binary">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">read_binary</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">anchor</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">path_names</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.read_binary" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Read and return the contents of the named resource as <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="#importlib-resources-functional"><span class="std std-ref">the introduction</span></a> for
details on <em>anchor</em> and <em>path_names</em>.</p>
<p>This function is roughly equivalent to:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">files</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">anchor</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">joinpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">path_names</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read_bytes</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.13: </span>Multiple <em>path_names</em> are accepted.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.read_text">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">read_text</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">anchor</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">path_names</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">encoding</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'utf-8'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">errors</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'strict'</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.read_text" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Read and return the contents of the named resource as <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>.
By default, the contents are read as strict UTF-8.</p>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="#importlib-resources-functional"><span class="std std-ref">the introduction</span></a> for
details on <em>anchor</em> and <em>path_names</em>.
<em>encoding</em> and <em>errors</em> have the same meaning as in built-in <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#open" title="open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>For backward compatibility reasons, the <em>encoding</em> argument must be given
explicitly if there are multiple <em>path_names</em>.
This limitation is scheduled to be removed in Python 3.15.</p>
<p>This function is roughly equivalent to:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">files</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">anchor</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">joinpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">path_names</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read_text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.13: </span>Multiple <em>path_names</em> are accepted.
<em>encoding</em> and <em>errors</em> must be given as keyword arguments.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.path">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">path</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">anchor</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">path_names</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.path" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Provides the path to the <em>resource</em> as an actual file system path. This
function returns a context manager for use in a <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> statement.
The context manager provides a <a class="reference internal" href="pathlib.html#pathlib.Path" title="pathlib.Path"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pathlib.Path</span></code></a> object.</p>
<p>Exiting the context manager cleans up any temporary files created, e.g.
when the resource needs to be extracted from a zip file.</p>
<p>For example, the <a class="reference internal" href="pathlib.html#pathlib.Path.stat" title="pathlib.Path.stat"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stat()</span></code></a> method requires
an actual file system path; it can be used like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">importlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">resources</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">anchor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"resource.txt"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">fspath</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fspath</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stat</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="#importlib-resources-functional"><span class="std std-ref">the introduction</span></a> for
details on <em>anchor</em> and <em>path_names</em>.</p>
<p>This function is roughly equivalent to:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">as_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">files</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">anchor</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">joinpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">path_names</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.13: </span>Multiple <em>path_names</em> are accepted.
<em>encoding</em> and <em>errors</em> must be given as keyword arguments.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.is_resource">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_resource</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">anchor</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">path_names</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.is_resource" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if the named resource exists, otherwise <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>.
This function does not consider directories to be resources.</p>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="#importlib-resources-functional"><span class="std std-ref">the introduction</span></a> for
details on <em>anchor</em> and <em>path_names</em>.</p>
<p>This function is roughly equivalent to:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">files</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">anchor</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">joinpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">path_names</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_file</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.13: </span>Multiple <em>path_names</em> are accepted.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.contents">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">contents</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">anchor</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">path_names</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.contents" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return an iterable over the named items within the package or path.
The iterable returns names of resources (e.g. files) and non-resources
(e.g. directories) as <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>.
The iterable does not recurse into subdirectories.</p>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="#importlib-resources-functional"><span class="std std-ref">the introduction</span></a> for
details on <em>anchor</em> and <em>path_names</em>.</p>
<p>This function is roughly equivalent to:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">resource</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">files</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">anchor</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">joinpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">path_names</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">iterdir</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">yield</span> <span class="n">resource</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="deprecated">
<p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 3.11: </span>Prefer <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">iterdir()</span></code> as above, which offers more control over the
results and richer functionality.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
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